Hernia Surgery

A hernia is a common condition that occurs due to a weakening of the muscle wall. This allows the intestine or an organ to protrude through the weakened area, usually in the groin or abdominal wall. While non-surgical treatments exist, hernia surgery is often the best form of treatment.

Hernias can affect individuals of all ages. Our Evansville surgical practice treats many different types of hernias, including:

• Inguinal hernias
• Umbilical hernias
• Hiatal hernias

Inguinal Hernias

Inguinal hernias are a common type of hernia occurring in the groin area that occurs mostly in men. You’ll notice a protrusion on both sides of your pubic bone. This becomes more pronounced when straining or coughing.

They can be particularly painful when: 

• Bending over 
• Coughing 
• Lifting heavy objects

Inguinal hernias can lead to severe, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Your physician is likely to recommend abdominal surgery if your symptoms worsen. 

Umbilical Hernias

Umbilical hernias occur when the intestine protrudes through a weakened area or opening near the navel. While more prevalent in infants, adults can also develop them. In children, they are typically benign and often close on their own by age two. In some cases, they may persist until the child reaches five years of age. Adults with umbilical hernias will likely require surgery.

In children, umbilical hernias typically manifest as a soft swelling or bulge near the belly button. This bulge is often painless and only becomes visible when the child is exerting stress or strain. 

An umbilical hernia may be a cause for concern if your child has an umbilical hernia and experiences:

• Vomiting 
• Signs of discomfort 
• Tenderness or discoloration near the hernia

Hiatal Hernias

Hiatal hernias occur when the stomach pushes through the same opening as the esophagus (the hiatus). The size of the hiatal hernia will influence the treatment recommendations from your doctor.

Small hiatal hernias may often go unnoticed until discovered incidentally by your doctor during a check-up for something else. In contrast, large hiatal hernias can lead to the backup of food and stomach acids into the esophagus.

Symptoms of larger hiatal hernias may start with mild discomfort such as heartburn or difficulty swallowing. They can progress to more serious signs like vomiting blood or experiencing black stool. If you find that your symptoms persist or worsen, you should promptly consult your doctor.

Other types of hernias include:

• Ventral Hernia
• Femoral Hernia
• Sport Hernia
• Spigelian Hernia

Hernia Surgery in Evansville, Indiana

Evansville Surgical Associates is dedicated to providing the highest quality hernia surgery in Evansville, IN, and the tri-state area. Board-certified and fellowship-trained, our surgeons stay at the leading edge of surgical progress. This helps guarantee that you receive the best possible care. 

Our hernia surgeons use a variety of techniques to address hernias, selecting the method based on its type and location. Hernia repairs are frequently conducted through laparoscopic procedures involving small incisions. However, there are instances where traditional, open surgical techniques may be necessary. Your surgeon will talk with you about the most medically appropriate approach for repairing your hernia.

Causes and Risk Factors for Hernias

Hernias develop when there’s a weakening in the muscles or tissues that hold organs in place. Certain conditions, such as obesity or pregnancy, can strain these structures, making them more susceptible to herniation and requiring surgery.

Common causes and risk factors of hernias include:

• Obesity 
• Pregnancy 
• Frequent heavy lifting

Obesity exerts chronic pressure on abdominal muscles, gradually weakening them. Pregnancy causes abdominal expansion, stretching the muscles, which may lead to hernias. Frequent heavy lifting, especially when done incorrectly, can also strain the abdominal wall. This creates openings for organs to protrude.

Additionally, genetics and family history play a significant role in hernia development. Certain genetic factors can predispose you to weaker connective tissues, making you more susceptible to hernias. 

If a family member has a history of hernias, there’s an increased likelihood that you will inherit this susceptibility. These genetic predispositions can interact with environmental factors, such as those mentioned above, increasing the risk of hernia formation.

Recognizing Hernia Symptoms

Recognizing hernia symptoms is crucial for timely medical intervention. Physical hernia signs include a visible bulge, often near the abdomen or groin. This bulge may be more pronounced when standing, coughing, or straining. It may also disappear when lying down. 

Common discomforts associated with hernias include localized pain or tenderness, especially during physical activity or when lifting heavy objects.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden, severe pain at the site of the hernia 
• A firmness of the bulge or difficulty pushing it back in
• The skin over the hernia site turns red or purple 

Other common hernia symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty passing stool or gas.

Early detection and intervention are crucial in managing hernias. Always consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

Types of Hernia Treatment

There are several options for hernia treatment available. Surgery may not be necessary in some cases, or your doctor may suggest minimally invasive options for surgical intervention.

Non-Surgical Approaches

The three most common forms of non-surgical treatment for hernias are:

• Watchful waiting
• Lifestyle changes
• Supportive devices

Watchful waiting may be used when the hernia is still small and doesn’t require immediate intervention. It involves monitoring the hernia to see if or when other treatments become necessary.  Lifestyle changes include weight loss, avoiding heavy lifting, and adopting a high-fiber diet to reduce straining during bowel movements. This can help manage symptoms but may not fully resolve the hernia. Supportive devices like trusses or belts are undergarments that relieve discomfort and prevent bulging, but they are not curative.

Surgical Options

Hernia surgery is the best treatment for repairing hernias. Your options for hernia surgery are:

• Robotic technique (minimally invasive) surgery
• Open surgery

Also known as laparoscopic surgery, this robotic technique involves making small incisions and using a camera and specialized instruments to repair the hernia. It typically results in quicker recovery, decreased postoperative pain, and smaller scars. 

Not all hernias are suitable for minimally invasive methods. Open surgery is used in these cases, which involves making an incision directly over the hernia site and manually pushing the herniated tissue back into place. The abdominal wall is then reinforced with stitches or mesh. It’s a reliable method but may involve a longer recovery period and a more noticeable scar.

Preparing for Your Hernia Procedure

Preparing for hernia surgery is crucial for having the best procedure possible. Thorough pre-operative assessments and evaluations are crucial before your procedure. 

This includes a: 

• Medical history review 
• Physical examination 
• Imaging tests 

Make sure that you communicate any allergies, medications, or existing health conditions to your healthcare provider.

Dietary adjustments are also important. Follow any fasting guidelines provided, typically not eating for eight hours before the surgery. In the days leading up to surgery, focus on easily digestible foods like: 

• Fruits 
• Vegetables 
• Lean proteins

Lifestyle adjustments may also be necessary. Refrain from strenuous activities that could exacerbate the hernia. It’s also vital to quit smoking as it can hinder the healing process. 

You may not be fit to drive post-surgery, so arrange for transportation on the day of the procedure. On the day, arrive early, wearing loose, comfortable clothing. Follow fasting instructions, and be prepared for pre-operative checks. 

You will: 

• Receive anesthesia 
• Undergo the procedure 
• Be monitored in a recovery area 

Plan for someone to accompany you home, as you may feel groggy. Follow post-operative care instructions diligently for a smooth recovery.

Recovery and Aftercare

Recovering from hernia surgery can be just as important as the procedure itself. Taking the proper recovery and aftercare steps helps ensure that you heal as quickly and correctly as possible.

Immediate postoperative care involves: 

• Monitoring your vital signs 
• Ensuring that you’re alert 
• Assessing for any signs of complications 

The surgical site is observed for redness, swelling, or unusual discharge.

Pain management includes prescribed medications and ice packs to alleviate discomfort. You’ll be restricted on what activities you can do for about 4-6 weeks to allow proper healing. This includes avoiding lifting heavy objects and other strenuous activities.

Long-term follow-ups are essential to monitor recovery progress. You may have a post-operative checkup after 1-2 weeks. 

Rare but potential complications may include: 

• Infection 
• Recurrence of the hernia 
• Issues with the mesh if used 

It’s crucial to promptly report any unusual symptoms to the healthcare provider.

Overall, recovery and aftercare aim to ensure smooth recuperation, minimize discomfort, and detect and address any complications early on. This allows the patient to regain normal activities gradually.

FAQ: Hernia Questions and Answers

Is Hernia Repair Dangerous?

Every surgical procedure, including hernia surgery, carries inherent risks. Fortunately, these risks are rare and you can help minimize them by following your surgeon’s directives. By doing so, you’ll be in the best position to steer clear of complications and swiftly resume the activities you cherish.

Is It Necessary To Wear a Hernia Truss?

Hernia trusses may be used for inguinal hernias in the lower abdomen to prevent bulging and discomfort. While they can provide temporary relief, they aren’t a long-term solution. If your symptoms are to the point that you need a truss, then it may be time for hernia surgery.

Is Surgical Mesh Safe?

Surgical mesh implants help treat hernias by supporting weakened tissue. Unfortunately, recalls in the past can cause patients to wonder if mesh is a safe choice. Most forms of mesh that were prone to complications have been removed from the market. Talk to your doctor to see if surgical mesh for hernias is the best option for you.